Lung Cancer – Overview
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. It is one of the most common and serious types of cancer, often linked to smoking but also occurring in non-smokers.
Types of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is primarily classified into two main types:
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common type (about 85% of cases), further divided into:
- Adenocarcinoma – Often found in non-smokers and usually starts in the outer parts of the lungs.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Linked to smoking and found in the central part of the lungs.
- Large Cell Carcinoma – A rare and aggressive form that can appear anywhere in the lungs.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – A fast-growing cancer (about 15% of cases) mostly found in heavy smokers.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages, but as it progresses, common signs include:
- Persistent cough that worsens over time.
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis).
- Shortness of breath or wheezing.
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Loss of appetite.
- Frequent respiratory infections, like pneumonia or bronchitis.
- Hoarseness or voice changes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing lung cancer, including:
- Smoking: The leading cause, responsible for about 85% of cases.
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Breathing in smoke from others can increase risk.
- Air Pollution & Environmental Toxins: Long-term exposure to pollution, asbestos, radon gas, or industrial chemicals.
- Family History: A genetic predisposition to lung cancer.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation therapy to the chest.
- Chronic Lung Diseases: Such as COPD or pulmonary fibrosis.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Early diagnosis improves treatment success. Common diagnostic methods include:
- Chest X-ray: Initial screening tool for lung abnormalities.
- CT Scan: Provides detailed imaging of lung tumors and their spread.
- Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgery to confirm cancer.
- PET Scan: Detects cancer spread to other organs.
- Molecular Testing: Determines genetic mutations for targeted therapy.
Treatment Options for Lung Cancer
The treatment approach depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient.
- Surgery:
- Lobectomy: Removal of a section (lobe) of the lung.
- Pneumonectomy: Removal of the entire lung in advanced cases.
- Segmentectomy: Removing only the cancerous part if the tumor is small.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Chemotherapy: Drug treatment used to kill cancer cells, often given before or after surgery.
- Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific genetic changes in cancer cells to stop their growth.
- Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system fight cancer cells more effectively.
- Palliative Care: Helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life in advanced cases.
Life After Lung Cancer Treatment
- Regular Follow-ups: Monitoring for recurrence or side effects of treatment.
- Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying active.
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Exercises and therapies to improve lung function.
- Emotional & Psychological Support: Counseling and support groups for patients and families.
Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Lung Cancer Treatment?
- Expert Oncology Team: Specialists in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- Advanced Technology: Cutting-edge diagnostic tools and treatment methods.
- Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailored to each patient’s cancer stage and overall health.
- Comprehensive Care: A multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, and targeted therapies.
- Post-Treatment Support: Rehabilitation, lifestyle guidance, and mental health support.
Early detection saves lives! If you experience persistent cough, chest pain, or breathing difficulties, book an appointment at Delhi Cancer Centre today.