Pancreatic Cancer – Overview

What is Pancreatic Cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is a serious disease that starts in the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach that plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The pancreas produces enzymes to aid digestion and hormones like insulin to control blood sugar levels. When cancerous cells form in the pancreas, they can grow aggressively and spread to other parts of the body.

Types of Pancreatic Cancer

  1. Exocrine Tumors (Most Common – 90% of cases)

    • Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, starting in the pancreatic ducts.
    • Acinar Cell Carcinoma: A rare type affecting the enzyme-producing cells.

  2. Endocrine Tumors (Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors – PNETs)

    • These arise from hormone-producing cells and may be benign or malignant.
    • Examples include insulinomas, glucagonomas, and gastrinomas.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer often does not show symptoms in the early stages, making it difficult to detect early. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Persistent abdominal or back pain.
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
  • Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite.
  • Dark urine and pale stools.
  • Digestive problems, including nausea and vomiting.
  • New-onset diabetes or worsening diabetes.
  • Fatigue and weakness.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown, several factors increase the risk:

  • Smoking: A major risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
  • Age: More common in people over 60.
  • Family History & Genetics: A family history of pancreatic cancer or genetic syndromes (like BRCA mutations) increases the risk.
  • Chronic Pancreatitis: Long-term inflammation of the pancreas.
  • Obesity & Poor Diet: High-fat diets and obesity are linked to a higher risk.
  • Diabetes: Long-standing or newly developed diabetes can be a risk factor.
  • Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which may increase cancer risk.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Since early-stage pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect, doctors use several tests:

  • Imaging Tests:
    • CT Scan/MRI: Provides detailed images of the pancreas.
    • Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Helps visualize tumors in the pancreas.
    • PET Scan: Detects cancer spread to other areas.
  • Blood Tests:
    • CA 19-9 tumor marker test (may indicate pancreatic cancer presence).
  • Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken and analyzed for cancer cells.

Stages of Pancreatic Cancer

  • Stage 1: Cancer is confined to the pancreas.
  • Stage 2: Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Stage 3: Cancer has spread to major blood vessels or lymph nodes.
  • Stage 4: Cancer has spread to distant organs like the liver or lungs.

Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.

  1. Surgery

    • Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy): Removes part of the pancreas, bile duct, gallbladder, and part of the small intestine.
    • Distal Pancreatectomy: Removes the tail and part of the body of the pancreas.
    • Total Pancreatectomy: Removes the entire pancreas (rarely done).

  2. Radiation Therapy

    • Uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.

  3. Chemotherapy

    • Uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Often combined with surgery or radiation.

  4. Targeted Therapy

    • Attacks specific genes or proteins in cancer cells to stop their growth.

  5. Immunotherapy

    • Helps the body’s immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.

  6. Palliative Care

    • Focuses on improving the quality of life by managing symptoms like pain and digestion problems.

Life After Pancreatic Cancer Treatment

  • Regular Follow-Ups: Monitoring for recurrence.
  • Nutritional Support: Dietary adjustments to aid digestion and maintain weight.
  • Managing Diabetes: Many patients develop diabetes after pancreatic surgery.
  • Emotional & Psychological Support: Counseling and support groups can help cope with the disease.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment?

  • Expert Oncologists: A team of experienced specialists in pancreatic cancer treatment.
  • Advanced Diagnostic Technology: State-of-the-art imaging and genetic testing.
  • Comprehensive Treatment Approach: Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and supportive care under one roof.
  • Personalized Care Plans: Tailored treatment plans based on the patient’s needs.
  • Supportive Care & Rehabilitation: Guidance on diet, diabetes management, and mental well-being.

Early detection improves survival rates! If you or a loved one has symptoms or risk factors for pancreatic cancer, book an appointment at Delhi Cancer Centre today.

Pancreatic Cancer