Colon Cancer – Overview

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon), which is the final part of the digestive system. It usually begins as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps that can develop into cancer over time. Detecting and removing these polyps early can help prevent cancer from forming.

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer symptoms may not appear in the early stages but can include:

  • Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation).
  • Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding.
  • Abdominal pain, cramps, or bloating.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
  • Weakness or fatigue.
  • A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of colon cancer:

  • Age: More common in people over 50.
  • Family History: Having a close relative with colon cancer increases risk.
  • Diet: A high-fat, low-fiber diet, especially one rich in red and processed meats, may contribute to colon cancer.
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis raise the risk.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol use can increase risk.
  • Genetic Conditions: Hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) increase the likelihood of developing colon cancer.

Diagnosis of Colon Cancer

Early detection improves survival rates. Common diagnostic methods include:

  • Colonoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the colon and remove polyps if necessary.
  • Stool Tests: Detect hidden blood or abnormal DNA changes in stool samples.
  • CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Uses imaging to visualize the colon.
  • Biopsy: A sample of suspicious tissue is taken for lab analysis.
  • Blood Tests: A CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) test may be done to track cancer progression.

Stages of Colon Cancer

  • Stage 0: Abnormal cells are in the inner lining of the colon (carcinoma in situ).
  • Stage 1: Cancer has grown into the colon wall but hasn’t spread beyond it.
  • Stage 2: Cancer has grown through the colon wall but hasn’t reached lymph nodes.
  • Stage 3: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Stage 4: Cancer has spread to distant organs like the liver or lungs.

Treatment Options for Colon Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and overall patient health.

  1. Surgery

    • Polypectomy: Removal of polyps during a colonoscopy (for early-stage cancer).
    • Colectomy: Partial or total removal of the colon, depending on the extent of cancer.
    • Lymph Node Removal: To check for cancer spread.

  2. Radiation Therapy

    • Uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells, often used before or after surgery.

  3. Chemotherapy

    • Uses drugs to kill cancer cells, especially for advanced-stage colon cancer or after surgery to reduce recurrence.

  4. Targeted Therapy

    • Focuses on specific cancer cell markers to slow tumor growth.

  5. Immunotherapy

    • Boosts the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Used for certain genetic types of colon cancer.

Life After Colon Cancer Treatment

  • Regular Follow-Ups: Frequent check-ups and imaging tests to monitor for recurrence.
  • Dietary Changes: A high-fiber, balanced diet can aid digestion and recovery.
  • Physical Activity: Helps improve overall health and reduces the risk of recurrence.
  • Mental and Emotional Support: Counseling and support groups can help with emotional well-being.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Colon Cancer Treatment?

  • Experienced Oncologists: Specialists in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • Advanced Screening & Diagnostics: State-of-the-art imaging, colonoscopy, and genetic testing.
  • Comprehensive Treatment Approach: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy under one roof.
  • Personalized Care Plans: Tailored treatments based on each patient’s condition.
  • Holistic Support Services: Nutrition counseling, post-treatment rehabilitation, and emotional support.

Early detection saves lives! If you have symptoms or risk factors for colon cancer, book an appointment at Delhi Cancer Centre today.

Colon Cancer