Skin Cancer – Overview

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, often caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It is one of the most common types of cancer but is highly treatable when detected early. Skin cancer primarily develops on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, arms, and hands, but it can also occur in less exposed areas.

Types of Skin Cancer

  1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – The most common type, usually appears as a pearly or waxy bump. It grows slowly and rarely spreads.
  2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Appears as a red, scaly patch or sore that doesn’t heal. It has a higher risk of spreading than BCC.
  3. Melanoma – The most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer. It often develops from existing moles or appears as a new, irregularly shaped, dark-colored spot.

Symptoms of Skin Cancer

  • A new, unusual growth or sore that doesn’t heal
  • A mole that changes in size, color, or shape
  • Red, scaly, or crusted patches on the skin
  • A lump or bump that is shiny, firm, or pink
  • Itching, bleeding, or pain in an existing mole or spot

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Excessive Sun Exposure: UV radiation damages skin cells and increases cancer risk.
  • Fair Skin & Light Hair: People with fair skin, light eyes, and freckles have a higher risk.
  • Frequent Sunburns: A history of blistering sunburns increases the likelihood of skin cancer.
  • Tanning Beds: Artificial UV rays can cause skin damage and lead to cancer.
  • Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immunity due to organ transplants, chemotherapy, or HIV/AIDS are more susceptible.
  • Family History: A history of skin cancer in close relatives increases risk.
  • Exposure to Toxic Substances: Contact with chemicals like arsenic can raise skin cancer risk.

Diagnosis of Skin Cancer

  • Physical Examination: A dermatologist checks for suspicious moles, growths, or lesions.
  • Dermatoscopy: A special magnifying tool helps examine skin abnormalities.
  • Skin Biopsy: A small sample of skin is removed and analyzed under a microscope to confirm cancer.
  • Imaging Tests (for Advanced Cases): CT scans or MRIs may be used if cancer is suspected to have spread.

Stages of Skin Cancer

  • Stage 0 (Carcinoma in situ): Cancer is confined to the top layer of the skin.
  • Stage 1: Small tumor, limited to the skin, with no spread.
  • Stage 2: Larger tumor but still confined to the skin.
  • Stage 3: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Stage 4: Cancer has spread to distant organs like the lungs or liver.

Treatment Options for Skin Cancer

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of cancer.

  1. Surgery

    • Excisional Surgery: The tumor is cut out with some surrounding healthy tissue.
    • Mohs Surgery: A precise technique used for sensitive areas like the face, removing cancer layer by layer.

  2. Cryotherapy

    • Freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen, used for early-stage cancers.

  3. Radiation Therapy

    • High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells, especially when surgery isn’t an option.

  4. Chemotherapy

    • Topical or systemic drugs are used to kill cancer cells, mainly for advanced skin cancer.

  5. Targeted Therapy

    • Drugs that specifically attack cancer cells with genetic mutations, mainly used for melanoma.

  6. Immunotherapy

    • Boosts the immune system to fight skin cancer, often used for advanced melanoma.

Prevention of Skin Cancer

  • Use Sunscreen: Apply SPF 30+ sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days.
  • Avoid Tanning Beds: UV exposure from artificial sources increases skin cancer risk.
  • Wear Protective Clothing: Cover skin with hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves.
  • Regular Skin Checks: Self-examine your skin and consult a dermatologist for unusual changes.
  • Limit Sun Exposure: Avoid direct sun exposure, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Skin Cancer Treatment?

  • Experienced Dermatologists & Oncologists: Specialists in diagnosing and treating all types of skin cancer.
  • Advanced Treatment Options: Latest techniques, including Mohs surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
  • Comprehensive Diagnostic Facilities: Early detection with advanced skin imaging and biopsy analysis.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailored care based on cancer type, stage, and patient needs.
  • Holistic Care & Support: Post-treatment recovery, counseling, and follow-up care.

Early detection saves lives. If you notice unusual changes in your skin, book an appointment at Delhi Cancer Centre today.

Skin Cancer