Stomach Cancer – Overview

What is Stomach Cancer?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the stomach lining. It is a serious disease that often develops slowly over many years. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, but symptoms may not appear until the cancer has progressed.

Types of Stomach Cancer

  1. Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, originating in the glandular cells of the stomach lining.
  2. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A rare type of tumor that forms in the stomach’s connective tissue.
  3. Lymphoma: Cancer of the immune system cells in the stomach.
  4. Carcinoid Tumors: Slow-growing tumors that develop in hormone-producing cells of the stomach.

Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

  • Persistent indigestion or heartburn
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea or vomiting, sometimes with blood
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Feeling full after eating small amounts
  • Blood in stool (dark or tarry stools)
  • Fatigue or weakness

Causes and Risk Factors

  • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection: A common bacterial infection that can lead to stomach ulcers and cancer.
  • Diet: High intake of salty, smoked, or processed foods increases risk.
  • Smoking & Alcohol Consumption: Both significantly raise the likelihood of stomach cancer.
  • Family History: A family history of gastric cancer can increase risk.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight is linked to an increased risk.
  • Previous Stomach Surgery: Surgeries for ulcers or other conditions may raise risk.
  • Pernicious Anemia: A condition affecting vitamin B12 absorption that can contribute to stomach cancer.

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

  • Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the stomach lining.
  • Biopsy: Tissue samples are taken during an endoscopy for lab testing.
  • Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans help determine tumor size and spread.
  • Blood Tests: Used to check for markers indicating stomach cancer.
  • Barium Swallow X-ray: A special dye is used to highlight abnormalities in the stomach.

Stages of Stomach Cancer

  • Stage 0: Cancer is confined to the stomach’s inner lining.
  • Stage 1: The tumor has grown into deeper layers of the stomach.
  • Stage 2: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
  • Stage 3: The tumor has invaded deeper layers and more lymph nodes.
  • Stage 4: Cancer has spread to distant organs like the liver, lungs, or other parts of the body.

Treatment Options for Stomach Cancer

Treatment depends on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient.

  1. Surgery

    • Gastrectomy (Partial or Total): Removal of part or all of the stomach.
    • Endoscopic Resection: Used in early-stage cancer to remove tumors without surgery.

  2. Chemotherapy

    • Drugs are used to shrink tumors before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) or destroy remaining cancer cells after surgery (adjuvant therapy).

  3. Radiation Therapy

    • High-energy beams target and kill cancer cells, often combined with chemotherapy.

  4. Targeted Therapy

    • Medications designed to block specific molecules that help cancer grow (e.g., HER2-targeted drugs for HER2-positive stomach cancer).

  5. Immunotherapy

    • Boosts the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, often used for advanced stomach cancer.

Prevention of Stomach Cancer

  • Eat a Healthy Diet: Increase intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while reducing processed and salty foods.
  • Quit Smoking & Limit Alcohol: Smoking and alcohol significantly increase stomach cancer risk.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer.
  • Treat H. pylori Infection: If diagnosed with H. pylori, seek medical treatment to reduce cancer risk.
  • Regular Screenings: People with a family history or high risk should consider routine endoscopic screenings.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Stomach Cancer Treatment?

  • Expert Oncologists & Gastroenterologists: Specialized in diagnosing and treating all types of stomach cancer.
  • State-of-the-Art Technology: Advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities for precise and effective care.
  • Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Care: Team-based approach involving surgeons, medical oncologists, and nutritionists.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailored therapies based on the patient’s specific condition.
  • Holistic Support Services: Nutritional guidance, psychological support, and post-treatment care.

Early diagnosis can save lives. If you experience persistent stomach issues, consult Delhi Cancer Centre for expert evaluation and treatment.

Stomach Cancer