Mouth Cancer – Overview

What is Mouth Cancer?

Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or oral cavity. It can affect the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, floor of the mouth, roof of the mouth (palate), and throat. If not detected early, mouth cancer can spread to other areas, making treatment more challenging.

Types of Mouth Cancer

Mouth cancer is classified based on the type of cells affected:

  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type, accounting for over 90% of oral cancers. It starts in the thin, flat squamous cells lining the mouth and throat.
  • Verrucous Carcinoma: A slow-growing, wart-like cancer with a low tendency to spread.
  • Adenocarcinoma: Originates in the salivary glands inside the mouth.
  • Melanoma: A rare but aggressive form of cancer that starts in pigment-producing cells in the mouth.

Symptoms of Mouth Cancer

Mouth cancer may initially be painless, but symptoms become more noticeable as the disease progresses. Common signs include:

  • Persistent mouth sores or ulcers that don’t heal.
  • White or red patches inside the mouth.
  • Lumps or swelling in the mouth, lips, or throat.
  • Unexplained bleeding in the mouth.
  • Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaw or tongue.
  • Persistent sore throat or hoarseness.
  • Numbness in the mouth or lips.
  • Loose teeth or ill-fitting dentures.
  • Unexplained weight loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing mouth cancer, including:

  • Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or using chewing tobacco and betel nuts.
  • Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking increases the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use.
  • HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV-16, is linked to oral cancer.
  • Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic irritation from poor dental care, rough teeth, or ill-fitting dentures.
  • Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure increases the risk of lip cancer.
  • Family History: A genetic predisposition to oral cancers.
  • Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS may increase susceptibility.
  • Unhealthy Diet: Lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet can contribute to cancer risk.

Diagnosis of Mouth Cancer

Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Common diagnostic methods include:

  • Physical Examination: Checking for lumps, sores, or discolored patches in the mouth.
  • Biopsy: A sample of abnormal tissue is taken and analyzed under a microscope.
  • Imaging Tests:
    • X-ray: To check for bone involvement.
    • CT Scan/MRI: To determine the size and spread of cancer.
    • PET Scan: To detect cancer spread to other parts of the body.
  • HPV Testing: To determine if the cancer is linked to an HPV infection.

Treatment Options for Mouth Cancer

The choice of treatment depends on the stage, location, and severity of the cancer.

  • Surgery:
    • Tumor Removal: The cancerous tissue and some surrounding healthy tissue are removed.
    • Reconstructive Surgery: If large portions of the mouth are removed, reconstructive surgery may be needed.
    • Neck Dissection: If cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, they may need to be removed.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells, often used after surgery or for small tumors.
  • Chemotherapy: Drug treatment to destroy cancer cells, often combined with radiation.
  • Targeted Therapy: Uses drugs that specifically attack cancer cells with certain genetic markers.
  • Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells, used for advanced cases.
  • Palliative Care: Focuses on improving quality of life by managing pain and other symptoms.

Life After Mouth Cancer Treatment

  • Regular Follow-Ups: Frequent check-ups to monitor for recurrence.
  • Speech & Swallowing Therapy: Helps patients regain normal mouth function after treatment.
  • Diet & Nutrition: A balanced diet aids in healing and prevents further complications.
  • Oral Hygiene & Care: Essential to prevent infections and maintain overall health.
  • Emotional & Psychological Support: Counseling and support groups can help cope with the emotional impact of cancer treatment.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Mouth Cancer Treatment?

  • Expert Oncologists: Specialists with extensive experience in oral cancer treatment.
  • Advanced Diagnostic Technology: Cutting-edge tools for early and accurate detection.
  • Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach: A combination of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for the best outcomes.
  • Personalized Care Plans: Tailored treatment for each patient’s specific condition and stage.
  • Rehabilitation & Support Services: Speech therapy, dietary guidance, and emotional support for post-treatment recovery.

Early detection saves lives! If you notice persistent sores, lumps, or difficulty swallowing, schedule a consultation at Delhi Cancer Centre today.

Mouth Cancer