Throat Cancer – Overview

What is Throat Cancer?

Throat cancer refers to the abnormal growth of malignant cells in the throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), or tonsils. It is a type of head and neck cancer that can affect speech, swallowing, and breathing if not detected early.

Types of Throat Cancer

Throat cancer is classified based on its location:

  • Pharyngeal Cancer: Affects the pharynx (throat) and is divided into:
    • Nasopharyngeal Cancer – Upper part of the throat behind the nose.
    • Oropharyngeal Cancer – Middle part of the throat, including the tonsils and back of the tongue.
    • Hypopharyngeal Cancer – Lower part of the throat near the voice box.
  • Laryngeal Cancer: Affects the larynx (voice box), which contains the vocal cords.

Symptoms of Throat Cancer

Early signs of throat cancer may include:

  • Persistent sore throat or cough.
  • Hoarseness or changes in the voice.
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
  • A lump or swelling in the neck.
  • Ear pain or ringing in the ears.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
  • Blood in saliva or phlegm.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors may increase the risk of developing throat cancer:

  • Tobacco & Alcohol Use: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are major risk factors.
  • HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to oropharyngeal cancer.
  • Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic gum disease and poor dental care increase the risk.
  • Exposure to Carcinogens: Long-term exposure to industrial chemicals, asbestos, or air pollution.
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the throat lining over time.
  • Family History: A genetic predisposition to cancer may play a role.

Diagnosis of Throat Cancer

Early detection is crucial for better treatment outcomes. Diagnostic methods include:

  • Physical Examination: Checking for lumps, swelling, or lesions in the throat.
  • Laryngoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the throat and vocal cords.
  • Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken for laboratory analysis to confirm cancer.
  • Imaging Tests: CT scan, MRI, or PET scan to assess tumor size and spread.
  • HPV Testing: In cases of oropharyngeal cancer, HPV infection may be tested.

Treatment Options for Throat Cancer

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer:

  • Surgery:
    • Removal of the tumor and affected tissues.
    • Partial or total removal of the larynx (laryngectomy) in advanced cases.
  • Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Drug treatment used to kill or shrink cancer cells, often combined with radiation.
  • Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific molecules in cancer cells to stop growth.
  • Immunotherapy: Helps boost the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Life After Throat Cancer Treatment

  • Speech Therapy: If the voice box is affected, speech rehabilitation may be needed.
  • Nutritional Support: Dietary modifications to ease swallowing difficulties.
  • Regular Follow-ups: Ongoing monitoring to detect recurrence or complications.
  • Emotional & Mental Support: Counseling and support groups to help cope with recovery.

Why Choose Delhi Cancer Centre for Throat Cancer Treatment?

  • Experienced Oncology Specialists: Leading experts in head and neck cancer.
  • Advanced Diagnostic & Treatment Facilities: Cutting-edge technology for early detection and effective treatment.
  • Multidisciplinary Care Approach: A team of oncologists, surgeons, nutritionists, and therapists for comprehensive care.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: Tailored to each patient’s needs and cancer stage.
  • Post-Treatment Rehabilitation: Speech therapy, diet counseling, and emotional support for recovery.

Early detection can improve survival rates. If you experience persistent throat symptoms, book an appointment today at Delhi Cancer Centre.

Throat Cancer